Evaluation of corneal biomechanical parameters and related influencing factors in myopic patients by Corvis ST / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To assess the differences in corneal biomechanical parameters and their correlation with other ocular biometric parameters in myopic patients using a corneal visualisation scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST).METHODS: A total of 132 myopic patients who received treatment in the department of refractive surgery of Eyegood Ophthalmic Hospital from May to December 2021 were selected, and the data of right eye were taken. The subjects were classified into low and moderate myopia(-0.50 to -6.00D), high myopia(>-6.00D to <-8.00D), and super high myopia(≥-8.00D)according to the spherical equivalent(SE). The basic parameters of corneal biomechanical deformation measured with Corvis ST included the amount of corneal displacement at highest degree of concavity(DA), radius of curvature at highest concavity(HCR), and distance between the two peaks of the cornea at highest concavity(PD); stiffness parameters at applanation 1(SP-A1), integrated radius(IR), deformation amplitude ratio(DA ratio), Ambrosio relational thickness horizontal(ARTh), Corvis biomechanical index(CBI). Other ocular biometric parameters measured included SE, intraocular pressure(IOP), axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), white-to-white(WTW)and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness. The differences in corneal biomechanical parameters were compared among the three groups of myopic patients, and the correlation between corneal biomechanical parameters and other ocular biometric parameters and age was further analyzed.RESULTS: The SP-A1 in the low and moderate, high, and super high myopia groups were 106.8±16.2, 115.6±21.9, and 106.9±11.5, respectively. The SP-A1 in the high myopia group was higher than that in the low and moderate and severe myopia groups(all P<0.05). All corneal biomechanics were significantly correlated with CCT(P<0.01); all corneal biomechanics were correlated with IOP except ARTh(P<0.05); AL was significantly and positively correlated with PD(r=0.270, P=0.002), weakly and positively correlated with HCR(r=0.177, P=0.043), and weakly and negatively correlated with IR(r=-0.183, P=0.036); WTW was positively correlated with PD, DA and DA ratio(r=0.363, P<0.001; r=0.252, P=0.003; r=0.200, P=0.02); there was no correlation between corneal biomechanical parameters and age, SE, and RNFL.CONCLUSION: Corneal stiffness was higher in high myopia patients than in patients with low to moderate and super high myopia. IOP and CCT were both important factors affecting corneal biomechanics. Some of the biomechanical parameters also have certain correlation with AL and WTW. As the growth of axial length, the PD of corneal deformation and HCR were larger, and IR was smaller, but HCR and IR had little significance; the longer the WTW, the greater the corneal deformation amplitude. In clinical practice, attention should be paid to the corneal biomechanical parameters in patients with super high myopia.

Diquafosol sodium combined with intense pulsed light in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the effect of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with intense pulsed light on the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction and the change of meibomian glands.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 141 patients(282 eyes)who were diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction from January 2021 to May 2022 in our hospital were selected and they were randomly divided into the control group(73 cases, 146 eyes)and the observation group(68 cases, 136 eyes)according to random number table. The control group was given 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with intense pulsed light, and the observation group was treated with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with intense pulsed light. The subjective symptom score, physical sign score, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and meibomian gland density before and after the treatment were compared between the two groups at 2wk after the end of treatment.RESULTS: There were no differences in the subjective symptom score, physical sign score, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and meibomian gland density between the two groups of patients before treatment(P>0.05). After 2wk of treatment, the symptom scores and physical sign scores of patients in the two groups continued to decrease, non-invasive tear break-up time and lipid layer thickness continued to increase, and the meibomian gland density also increased. The tear meniscus height in the observation group increased, while the control group showed no significant changes. The observation group had better clinical indicators than the control group(P<0.05). No obvious complications were observed in all patients.CONCLUSION: The combination of diquafosol sodium eye drops and intense pulsed light is synergistic in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, with significant therapeutic effects and improvement of meibomian gland repair, which is significantly superior to simple intense pulsed light therapy.

Study on the related factors of antiviral treatment in previously reported hepatitis C patients based on the Andersen model / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To understand the basic characteristics of previously reported patients with hepatitis C and analyze the related factors affecting their antiviral treatment. Methods: A convenient sampling method was adopted. Patients who had been previously diagnosed with hepatitis C in the Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province and Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province were contacted by telephone for an interview study. The Andersen health service utilization behavior model and related literature were used to design the research framework for antiviral treatment in previously reported hepatitis C patients. A step-by-step multivariate regression analysis was used in previously reported hepatitis C patients treated with antiviral therapy. Results: A total of 483 hepatitis C patients, aged 51.73 ± 12.06 years, were investigated. The proportion of male, agricultural occupants who were registered permanent residents, farmers and migrant workers was 65.24%, 67.49%, and 58.18%, respectively. Han ethnicity (70.81%), married (77.02%), and junior high school and below educational level (82.61%) were the main ones. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that married patients with hepatitis C (OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.93-5.25, compared with unmarried, divorced, and widowed patients) with high school education or above (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.54-4.20, compared with patients with junior high school education or below) were more likely to receive antiviral treatment in the predisposition module. Patients with severe self-perceived hepatitis C in the need factor module (compared with patients with mild self-perceived disease, OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.09-5.40) were more likely to receive treatment. In the competency module, the family's per capita monthly income was more than 1,000 yuan (compared with patients with per capita monthly income below 1,000 yuan, OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02-2.47), and the patients had a high level of awareness of hepatitis C knowledge (compared with patients with a low level of knowledge, OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.35), and the family members who knew the patient's infection status (compared with patients with an unknown infection status, OR = 4.59, 95% CI: 2.24-9.39) were more likely to receive antiviral treatment. Conclusion: Different income, educational, and marital statuses are related to antiviral treatment behavior in hepatitis C patients. Family support of hepatitis C patients receiving hepatitis C-related knowledge and their families knowing the infection status is more important in promoting the antiviral treatment of patients, suggesting that in the future, we should further strengthen the hepatitis C knowledge of hepatitis C patients, especially the family support of hepatitis C patients' families in treatment.

Investigation on the current situation of safety protection of medical staffs for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in medical institutions in Jiangsu Province / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the current situation of safety protection of medical staffs in medical institutions in Jiangsu Province, and to provide scientific basis for strengthening the safety protection of infectious diseases and protecting the occupational health of medical staffs. Methods: From September to October 2020, 1274 medical staffs in 43 medical and health institutions were randomly selected as the subjects. The self-made questionnaire for infectious disease prevention and protection was used to analyze the pre-job training and exposure to occupational harmful factors of the respondents. The influencing factors of using protective equipment and occupational injury were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 1216 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery of 95.4%. There were 312 males (25.7%) and 904 females (74.3%) , with an average age of (35.8±9.2) years and average working years of (13.6±9.9) years. Among them, 1143 (94.0%) had participated in pre-job training, 535 (44.0%) thought they were exposed to occupational harmful factors of infectious disease prevention, 1082 (89.0%) used protective equipment in daily operation, and 462 (38.0%) had occupational injury. According to binary logistic regression analysis, the utilization rates of protective equipment for medical staffs in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (OR=2.473, 95%CI: 1.327-4.607, P=0.004) , 30-39 years old (OR=1.586, 95%CI: 1.038-2.426, P=0.033) , 40-49 years old (OR=2.257, 95%CI: 1.243-4.098, P=0.007) , 50 years old and above (OR=5.879, 95% CI: 1.755-19.692, P=0.004) and pre-job training (OR=2.580, 95%CI: 1.301-5.116, P=0.007) were higher than their respective control groups. And medical staffs with graduate degree or above (OR=0.342, 95%CI: 0.167~0.699, P=0.003) had lower utilization rate of protective equipment. Female (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.364-2.654, P<0.001) , 30-39 years old (OR=1.589, 95%CI: 1.157-2.181, P=0.004) , bachelor degree (OR=2.070, 95%CI: 1.419-3.021, P<0.001) , exposure to occupational harmful factors (OR=2.753, 95%CI: 2.086-3.634, P<0.001) were the risk factors for occupational injury of medical staffs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (OR=0.129, 95%CI: 0.086-0.194, P<0.001) and wearing protective equipment according to regulations (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.431-0.827, P=0.002) were the protective factors for occupational injury of medical staffs. Conclusion: At present, the occupational injury rate of medical staffs in Jiangsu Province is high due to various factors in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to occupational safety protection, strengthen pre-job training and actively advocate "standard prevention", so as to reduce the exposure risk of harmful factors and promote occupational health of medical staffs.

Prevalence and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among 322 pregnant women in Jianyang City / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 322 pregnant women in Jianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jianyang City. The depression and anxiety of the participants were measured with self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS)，and the degree of social support was measured with social support rating scale (SSRS). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between anxiety, depression and social support. The chi square ( 2) test and the non-conditional Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety and depression. Results Anxiety rate and depression rate of pregnant women in Jianyang city were 5.3% and 5.6% respectively. There was a negative correlation between anxiety, depression and social support (P<0.05). Absence of prenatal examination (OR=4.554, 95% CI: 1.063-19.510) was a risk factor for anxiety among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Late pregnancy (OR=5.381, 95% CI: 1.422-20.363) and medium degree of social support (OR=4.150, 95% CI: 1.198-14.375) were risk factors for depression among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Junior high school (OR=0.015, 95% CI: 0.001-0.275), high school or technical secondary school (OR=0.004, 95% CI: 0.001-0.128), junior college or above (OR=0.053, 95% CI: 0.003-0.851) were protective factors for depression. Conclusions The prevelance of anxiety and depression in pregnant women cannot be ignored. It is important to carry out mental health intervention according to the above factors.

Clinical Efficacy of Qingxintang Combined with Zhenzhongdan in Treatment of Cardionephric Disharmony Type Insomnia Case / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To observe the clinical efficacy of modified therapy of Qingxintang combined Zhenzhongdan in the treatment of cardionephric disharmony type insomnia. Method::A total 100 cases were randomly divided into control group and treatment group according to the random number table method on the basis of the inclusion order, with 50 cases in each group.The control group was given esazolam, 1.0 mg·d-1 before bedtime.The observation group was treated with Qingxintang and Zhenzhongdan, 1 dose per day, 2 times per day, for 6 days continuously, and rested for a day.The course of treatment was both 8 weeks.Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was compared between the two groups before and after treatment.The polysomnography monitor for [awakening time (AWT), total sleep time (TST), sleep maintenance rate (SE), sleep latency (SL), rapid eye movement sleep latency (RL), awakening times (AT)] was used to monitor sleep progress.The monoamine neurotransmitters [5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and β-endorphin (β-EP)] were measured.The clinical efficacy was observed in two groups after treatment for 30 d, and the incidence of adverse reactions was researched during the study. Result::Totally 7 cases were lost during the study.The total effective rate in the observation group was 89.6% (43/48), which was higher than 71.1% (32/45) in the control group (P<0.05). The PSQI score in treatment group was significantly, which was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). TST, SE, RL in treatment group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), while AWT, SL, AT were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The 5-HIAA, 5-HT and β-EP levels in treatment group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), whereas the NE levels were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 22.2% (10/45) in control group, and no significant adverse reactions were observed in treatment group. Conclusion::Qingxintang and Zhenzhongdan could obviously alleviate clinical symptoms of cardionephric disharmony type insomnia, and monoamine neurotransmitters, with a low incidence of adverse reactions, and thus is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Changes of anterior chamber morphology in the early stage after SMILE / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the changes of anterior chamber morphology and related parameters in patients with myopia after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).<p>METHODS: A total of 39 patients with myopia(74 eyes)who underwent SMILE surgery in our hospital during December 2018 to January 2019 were selected. They were divided into two groups: 23 patients(44 eyes)in low and medium myopia group(≤-6.00D)and 16 patients(30 eyes)in the high myopia group(>-6.00D). Changes of central anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber angle(ACA), posterior central elevation(PCE), and accommodation amplitude(AMP)were observed in the two groups before the surgery and 1d, 1wk, and 1mo after surgery. The related data were statistically analyzed, and the changes before and after the surgery were compared. The causes of the morphological changes of the anterior chamber in the early stage after the SMILE were discussed.<p>RESULTS: The ACD before and 1d, 1wk, 1mo after surgery were 3.18±0.21, 3.10±0.21, 3.11±0.21 and 3.12±0.2mm, respectively, the ACV were 201.1±29.3, 187.9±27.1, 187±26.4 and 187.7±24.9mm3, respectively, the AMP were 8.4±2.6, 6.5±1.6, 7±1.7 and 8.3±1.9D, respectively, the ACD in the high myopia group before and 1d, 1wk, 1mo after surgery were 3.25±0.2, 3.18±0.19, 3.16±0.19 and 3.23±0.24mm, respectively, the ACV were 204.1±31mm3, 194.5±27mm3, 194.5±28.6mm3 and 196.5±31.7mm3, respectively, the AMP were 8.9±2D, 6.8±1.9D, 7.9±1.4D and 8.9±1.5D, respectively, the PCE 2.4±2.7μm, 1.4±2.7μm, 1.1±2.8μm and 1.4±2.9μm, respectively, the ACA were 42.40°±3.1°, 42.30°±3.6°, 42.10°±4.6°and 40.70°±4.5°, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that postoperative ACD was positively correlated with ACA and ACV in both groups(<i>P</i><0.01). ACD in the low myopia group was positively correlated with AMP(<i>r</i>=0.301, <i>P</i><0.01), but weakly with PCE(<i>r</i>=0.161,<i>P</i><0.05). ACD was not correlated with AMP and PCE in the high myopia group(<i>r</i>=0.069, 0.103, <i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: In the early stage after SMILE, the diopter is different and the morphology of the anterior chamber is different. We believe that the change of ACD in the early stage after SMILE is related to changes of the corneal posterior elevation and postoperative accommodation.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of cyclovirobuxine D and related substances by HPLC-CAD in the active pharmaceutical ingredient of Huangyangning tablets / 药学学报

We have developed a new method using HPLC-CAD (charged aerosol detector) for the quantitative analysis of cyclovirobuxine D and related substances in the API of Huangyangning tablets. The related substances were further studied by HPLC-Q-Exactive coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. A HILIC column of XBridge Amide (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used, and the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 100 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (85∶15), which was adjusted to pH 2.8 with formic acid. Isocratic mode elution was adopted at a flow rate of 1.1 mL·min-1. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. For CAD, the temperature of atomization and gas pressure were respectively set at 35 ℃ and 62.2 psi. This method detected and quantified five related substances to cyclovirobuxine D. The results showed that the LOD and LOQ of cyclovirobuxine D was 12.588 ng and 28.323 ng, respectively with an average recovery of 95.74% (RSD = 1.79%, n = 6). The content of cyclovirobuxine D in 12 batches of API samples provided by three manufacturers was from 79.94% to 88.49%, with an average value of 82.20%. The total content of the five related substances was from 15.99% to 22.15% with an average value of 20.10%, using an external standard method with cyclovirobuxine D as the reference and according to the CAD uniform response to non-volatile substances. The newly developed HPLC-CAD method has advantages in terms of the comprehensiveness of signals from Buxus alkaloids without UV absorption and with high sensitivity to its trace-related substances; the method yields good separation between the components and is compatible with mass spectrometry. It is applicable for the accurate quantitative analysis of main components and related substances in the API of Huangyangning tablets.

Quality of life and its influencing factors of hepatitis B positive in pregnant women in Jianyang / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the quality of life in pregnant women with hepatitis B positive and to explore its influencing factors. Methods Eighty pregnant women with positive hepatitis B were randomly selected from Jan. to Apr. 2018 in Jianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital as the case group, and 323 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group. A face-to-face survey was conducted using the Concise Health Survey Scale SF-36. t test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results The scores of PF and RP in the case group were lower than those in the control group, and the scores of GH in the case group were higher than those in the control group. Analysis of the factors affecting the quality of life of the case group found that the more severe the early pregnancy reaction, the lower the quality of life score. Conclusions The PF and RP of pregnant women with hepatitis B positive in Jianyang City are worse than those of normal pregnant women. Comprehensive measures should be taken to improve their quality of life.

Ascending input from dorsal nuclei of lateral lemniscus mediates the plasticity of inferior colliculus neurons in mice / 生理学报

The auditory system has the ability to adjust its structure and function as the environment changes, which is called auditory plasticity. In the auditory system, inferior colliculus (IC) is an important relay station, which accepts the ascending inputs from dorsal nuclei of lateral lemniscus (DNLL). The present study was aimed to investigate the role of the DNLL in the formation of the plasticity of IC neurons. Here, we used extracellular single unit recording and electrical stimulation to investigate the plasticity of IC neurons in Kunming mice. The results showed that after the cessation of 30-minute electrical stimulation on contralateral DNLL, 95% of the inhibited IC neurons and 86% of the facilitated IC neurons showed plastic changes. Moreover, 1 h after the contralateral DNLL stimulation was stopped, the plastic changes in 74% of the inhibited IC neurons vanished, but still were maintained in 26% of the inhibited IC neurons. These results suggest that the contralateral DNLL ascending input can induce plastic changes of IC neurons, and this kind of effect can be maintained for a certain period of time, which is beneficial to enhance the sound intensity sensitivity of IC neurons.

Study on in Vitro Release of Salvianolic Acid Bioadhesive Floating Pellets and Pharmacokinetics in Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To prepare salvianolic acid bioadhesive floating pellets; To prolong its residence time in vivo; To improve the oral bioavailability. Methods Salviae miltiorrhizae total phenolic acid adhering floating pellets were prepared by extrusion-spheronization. Chitosan, HPMC and carbomer were used as adherent material, stearyl alcohol was used as floating material and MCC as forming agent. The in vitro release of two adherent floating pellets were prepared and their bioavailability in rats were investigated. Results The results of in vitro release test showed that the salvianolic acid B in the blank pellets was completely released at 4 h, and the two adherent floating pellets prepared in vitro were released for 12 h. The results of pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that after intragastric administration of salvianolic acid, salvianolic acid chitosan pellets and salvianolic acid HPMC pellets, Tmaxwere (12.00±2.74)min, (17.00±7.58)min and (27.00±12.55)min, respectively. The relative bioavailability of salvianolic acid chitosan pellets and salvianolic acid HPMC pellets were 177.08% and 172.03%, respectively. Conclusion Salvia total phenolic acid adherent floating pellets release slowly in vitro, and floating pellets can prolong the retention time in vivo and increase the oral bioavailability of salvianolic acid in rats.

Preparation and evaluation of gastric adhesive-floating pellets for Bolo leaf phenols / 中国中药杂志

Gastric adhesive-floating pellets for Bolo leaf phenols (BLP) were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method, with chitosan as skeleton bioadhesive material, and stearyl alcohol as help-bleaching agent to evaluate its in vitro adhesivity, floatability and in vivo retention situation, and investigate its in vitro release characteristics. The in vitro adhesivity and floatability were evaluated respectively by in vitro tissue retention method and visual observation method. The retention of pellets in rats was investigated by in vivo tissue retention method and in vivo imaging of small animals. In addition, the in vitro release of p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid as the index components in pellets were evaluated. Results showed that the in vitro adhesivity of the prepared gastric adhesive-floating pellets reached (73.2±3.4)%, and the pellets could float immediately in simulated gastric fluid for more than 12 h; the retention rate of adhesive-floating pellets in rats reached more than 40% after 6 h, while the retention rate of common reference pellets was decreased by 15% as compared with the gastric adhesive-floating pellets, with significant difference (P<0.01); the drug in vitro release time can reach more than 6 h, and the drug release behaviors were lined with Higuchi equation. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that, the gastrointestinal bioadhesive and floating pellets prepared in this study have good bioadhesivity, floatability and good sustained release characteristics.

Response characteristics of neurons to tone in dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the mouse / 生理学报

The dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus (DNLL) is a nucleus in the auditory ascending pathway, and casts inhibitory efferent projections to the inferior colliculus. Studies on the DNLL are less than studies on the auditory brain stem and inferior colliculus. To date, there is no information about response characteristics of neurons in DNLL of albino mouse. Under free field conditions, we used extracellular single unit recording to study the acoustic signal characteristics of DNLL neurons in Kunming mice (Mus musculus). Transient (36%) and ongoing (64%) firing patterns were found in 96 DNLL neurons. Neurons with different firing patterns have significant differences in characteristic frequency and minimal threshold. We recorded frequency tuning curves (FTCs) of 87 DNLL neurons. All of the FTCs exhibit an open "V" shape. There is no significant difference in FTCs between transient and ongoing neurons, but among the ongoing neurons, the FTCs of sustained neurons are sharper than those of onset plus sustained neurons and pauser neurons. Our results showed that the characteristic frequency of DNLL neurons of mice was not correlated with depth, supporting the view that the DNLL of mouse has no frequency topological organization through dorsal-ventral plane, which is different from cats and some other animals. Furthermore, by using rate-intensity function (RIF) analysis the mouse DNLL neurons can be classified as monotonic (60%), saturated (31%) and non-monotonic (8%) types. Each RIF type includes transient and ongoing firing patterns. Dynamic range of the transient firing pattern is smaller than that of ongoing firing ones (P < 0.01), suggesting that the inhibitory inputs may underlie the formation of transient firing pattern. Multiple firing patterns and intensity coding of DNLL neurons may derive from the projections from multiple auditory nuclei, and play different roles in auditory information processing.

Impact of index finger force on motor unit recruitment pattern in flexor digitorum superficialis / 医用生物力学

Objective To detect the recruitment pattern of motor unit in human flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) at different force levels produced by the index finger. Methods Eight subjects were recruited to produce a certain force level with the index finger to match the ordered force level (20%, 40%, 60% maximum voluntary contraction). During the force tracking task, the multi-channel surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were recorded on FDS using 8×1 (row×column) electrode-array. The motor unit action potential (MUAP) information was extracted by Fast Independent Component Analysis (FastICA), and then the correlation between MUAP pattern and force level was analyzed. Results Four different types of MUAP were extracted successfully by FastICA from original sEMG signals and the total number of MUAP showed an increasing trend with the force level increasing. At different force levels, the proportion of different types of MUAP was different, showing different trends with change of the force level. ConclusionsAt different levels of the finger force, the recruitment pattern of motor unit in FDS will be changed so as to produce the force accordingly.

Study on the genotypes of 260 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by Spoligotyping method in Jiangsu province, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)strains isolated from Jiangsu province and to explore the relationship between the 'Beijing family' and the drug resistance of M.tuberculosis.Methods Two hundred and sixty M.tuberculosis strains were isolated from 30 drug surveillance sites in Jiangsu province.Susceptibility of the isolates to the first-line antituberculosis drugs(isoniazid,streptomycin,rifampicin and ethambutol)was tested by using the proportion method.Molecular typing of M.tuberculosis strains was determined by Spoligotyping and analyzed with BioNumerics software.Results Based on Spoligotyping fingerprint,260 strains showed 34 different genotypes,including 27 exclusive genotypes and 7 shared genotypes.These strains could be clustered into two groups:the Beijing family(80.4％,209/260)and the Non-Beijing family(19.6％,51/260).Data from logistic regression analysis revealed that infection by the Beijing family was related to an increased risk of multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis,with the OR(95％ CI)of 11.07(1.45-84.50).Non-Beijing families including T1,T2,H3,H4,CAS,LAM,U and MANU2 families were also found.Among them,the CAS,LAM and MANU2 families were first reported in Jiangsu province.Conclusion It was revealed that the marked gene polymorphisms did exist in M.tuberculosis strains.The Beijing family had been the predominant strain circulating in Jiangsu province,which might be related to multi-drug resistant M.tuberculosis strains.